Some cities and prefectures issue certificates for same-sex couples, but they are not legally binding.

Unregistered cohabitation or Maitri Karar–type contractual relationships.Legal guardianships (nationwide, except Hong Kong and Macau), residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents (Hong Kong).Romania ruling of the European Court of Justice obliges the state to provide residency rights for the foreign spouses of EU citizens. Registered foreign marriages confer limited rights. Neither performed nor recognized in American Samoa or some tribal nations.Neither performed nor recognized in six British Overseas Territories.Neither performed nor recognized in Niue, Tokelau, or the Cook Islands.Registered in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten in such cases, but the rights of marriage are not guaranteed. Performed in the Netherlands proper, including the Caribbean Netherlands.Performed statewide in 25 of 31 states and in Mexico City, in certain municipalities in one other state, and recognized by all states in such cases.